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Environmental Justice Survey: Strengthening Environmental Justice in Cambodia
This report contributes to ongoing efforts to advance environmental justice in Cambodia and ensure that vulnerable communities can meaningfully access justice and protect their environmental and social rights. 1000 respondents were surveyed, who experienced environmental justice issues and generally sought for justice to address theirs.
Based on CHRAC’s survey, an overwhelming majority of respondents reported experiencing a justice-related issue in the past five years, with land conflicts linked to large-scale developments and agro-industrial concessions accounting for the majority of reported cases. Many disputes have continued for several years, while financial constraints and previous unsuccessful attempts at resolution remain important barriers to accessing justice.
These findings highlight opportunities for further legal reform, stronger justice mechanisms, and greater community access to information, support, and effective remedies. CHRAC will continue documenting community experiences and promoting practical solutions that strengthen environmental justice rights.
Through sustained efforts and collaboration, Cambodia can continue moving toward a more just, equitable, and sustainable society where the rights and well-being of all communities are respected and protected.We dedicate this effort to the well being and happiness of all Cambodians.
We view this report as a learning document that can continue to evolve through engagement, dialogue, and shared experiences. We warmly welcome your comments, perspectives, and suggestions, which will contribute to our continued learning and help strengthen collective efforts to advance environmental justice in Cambodia.
Second Rapid Assessment on the Border Violations and Chemical Effects:
CSO 2nd Rapid Assessment on the Impact of the Khmer – Thai Hostility:
CHRAC and its coalition partner of the border crisis including: API, NGOF, CPDD, CLEC, CHF, CCYMCR, CCIM, CamboJA, HACC, VSG, CTO, PKH, BCV, and MPC, released their second Rapid Assessment documenting the humanitarian, environmental, human rights, and sovereignty impacts of the 2025 Cambodia–Thailand border conflict on civilian populations. Based on field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, online surveys, and legal fact-finding conducted in January 2026, the report estimates that more than 500,000 Cambodians were displaced, with widespread destruction of homes, livelihoods, farmlands, schools, religious sites, environment and cultural heritage.
The assessment highlights the disproportionate impact on women, children, older persons, and persons with disabilities, while documenting severe psychological distress, disrupted livelihoods, environmental concerns, and obstacles to the safe return of displaced communities. It also raises concerns regarding the occupation of civilian areas, damage to cultural heritage, arbitrary and unilateral actions of Thai soldiers and alleged violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and Cambodia’s sovereignty.
The report calls for urgent humanitarian assistance, mental health and livelihood support, environmental remediation, impartial investigations, accountability for alleged violations, and measures to ensure the safe and dignified return of displaced populations. It urges national authorities, the international community, and development partners to take coordinated action to address the ongoing humanitarian, protection, environmental, and rule-of-law challenges facing affected communities.
Here is the detailed report:
This document presents CHRAC’s work in conducting a rapid assessment of suspected toxic weapons along the Thai-Cambodia border in mid-2025. Local communities expressed serious concerns about potential toxic exposure from military activities, with reports of illnesses, dead livestock, and unusual chemical odors. In response, CHRAC coordinated a cross-sector team of civil society organizations to carry out a Rapid Impact Assessment, collecting testimony and documenting environmental and human impacts under difficult and dangerous conditions.
CHRAC led financial coordination, technical planning, and documentation, secured access to affected areas, and ensured the safety of field teams, while maintaining the trust of local communities. The report highlights both the severe findings—harm experienced by residents in 121 villages along the Dongrek mountain range—and the impact of coordinated civil society action. CHRAC’s work demonstrates how collective civil society efforts can transform fear into action, amplify the voices of local communities, and influence national and international stakeholders on human rights and environmental protection.
Rapid Assessment on How the Chemical Weapons used by the Thai Military During the Clash between Cambodian and Thailand Impact the People and Environment of Cambodia
Land Disputes
The below document details the long-standing land dispute in Srayong Commune, Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia, which has persisted for over a decade. The conflict involves local families and the agribusiness company Seladamex Co. Ltd., which was granted economic land concessions on areas that the community has cultivated and lived on for generations. The report provides a detailed account of recent escalations, including forced evictions, violent clashes with authorities, and the arrests of villagers.
The document also highlights CHRAC’s work in supporting the community. CHRAC has provided legal assistance to help arrested villagers secure bail, filed complaints with authorities, and documented human rights violations. The organization has also collaborated with other civil society organizations to protect the community’s rights and raise awareness of the challenges they face.
Overall, the report illustrates both the severe challenges related to land rights and political suppression in Cambodia and the resilience and mobilization of the Srayong Commune community in their fight for justice.
Democracy
This document outlines the Cambodian Human Rights Action Coalition’s (CHRAC) extensive work in promoting human rights, democracy, and civil society engagement in Cambodia since its founding in 1994. In a country facing severe human rights violations and political challenges, CHRAC has played a critical role in advocating for the protection of civil society space and the rule of law, often operating with limited financial and human resources.
The report highlights CHRAC’s diverse interventions, including:
- National advocacy platforms: Coordinating high-level meetings with UN agencies, government officials, and civil society organizations to address key national issues.
- Campaigns for human rights and democracy: Organizing major events such as the October 23 Paris Peace Agreement commemoration and International Human Rights Day, mobilizing thousands of participants.
- Legal support and mediation: Providing legal advice, mediation, and advocacy in high-profile cases, including land disputes linked to the New Phnom Penh International Airport project.
- Natural resource and environmental rights: Facilitating community consultations, building capacity for legal advocacy, and supporting networks of environmental activists.
- Collaboration with international partners: Working with the UNDP, embassies, and other organizations to strengthen democratic governance and civil society participation.
- Media and public engagement: Amplifying civil society voices through radio, social media, and partnerships, ensuring that local concerns reach national and international audiences.
Through these efforts, CHRAC has established itself as a trusted leader in civil society advocacy, building credibility both nationally and internationally. The document demonstrates how CHRAC’
Climate Protection
This document presents a joint statement by eighteen civil society organizations, including key trade unions, on the gaps in the Paris Peace Agreements and their recommendations. The statement was released on 22 October 2023 at Freedom Park.
Transnational Crime
The Mekong Development Dialogue (MDD), held in Phnom Penh in March–April 2026, brought together government, civil society, private sector and international partners to address transnational organised crime in the Mekong region. The report highlights the convergence of criminal economies, severe human costs, and the role of transnational corruption in sustaining illicit networks. Key priorities include strengthening financial regulation, victim protection, civil society sustainability, and regional cooperation. It underscores the urgency of translating political will into lasting institutional reforms and calls for collective action to counter evolving threats across Cambodia and the wider Mekong.
